Adaptive switching control based on limited multiple models

In this paper, the limited multiple models system identification scheme with third‐level adaptation is proposed to build the virtual identification model for the control of the closed‐loop system. First, the dynamical switching identification models subbank is constructed based on the performance index. Next, the virtual identification model is build through the combination of the identification models in the dynamical switching subbank. Then, the combination proportion of the models is adaptively tuning with the third‐level adaptation. The main contribution of this paper is that the proposed dynamical system identification method can overcome system resources waste of the multiple models switching with second‐level adaptation, and it does not require that all of the identification models combine directly. Finally, the simulation is provided to illustrate its effectiveness.     

基于HHT-RDT算法的高拱坝泄流结构工作模态识别方法

根据高拱坝泄流结构自身的工作特点,为准确辨识环境激励下的结构模态参数特征,提出了一种基于改进的HHT-RDT算法的高拱坝泄流结构工作模态识别方法。以某高拱坝原型振动响应测试资料为基础,利用改进的小波阈值-EMD算法对原始信号进行降噪预处理,滤除干扰噪声的同时保留有效特征信息;采用HHT-RDT算法识别高拱坝泄流结构的工作模态参数,运用带通滤波对振动响应信号的EMD过程进行控制得到结构的各阶模态分量,利用RDT法提取各阶模态分量的自由衰减信息,识别出高拱坝泄流结构系统的固有频率及阻尼比。工程实例表明,该方法避免了复杂系统定阶过程,有效提高结构振动响应工作模态识别精度,为辨识高拱坝泄流结构的工作模态参数提供捷径。     

A novel mixing method for powder metallurgy copper-carbon nanotube composites

In this study, copper matrix composite materials with different ratios of carbon nanotubes were produced. The biggest problem faced in the production of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites is that carbon nanotubes do not distribute homogeneously in the matrix. A novel mixing technique was applied to overcome this problem. Hot pressing was used in sample production. A second high-pressure densification process was applied following the hot pressing process for enhancing the properties. The properties of both the hot-pressed specimens and the specimens to which a second high-pressure densification process was applied were characterized with the density measurements, microstructure examinations, and mechanical tests. The microstructure examinations showed that carbon nanotubes could be distributed homogeneously in the copper matrix with the mixing process applied. It was found out that the high-pressure densification process applied following the hot-pressing process increased the relative density and thus, all mechanical properties.     

检验THERP合理性及不足的实验研究——以汽车冷媒加注工序为例

为了检验人的失误概率预测技术（technique of human error rate prediction，THERP）的合理性及不足，以汽车内饰冷媒加注工序为例，采用E-prime实验的方法分析了冷媒加注工序的人因失误概率。通过比较发现，汽车冷媒加注工序的4个任务的人因失误概率的实验结果与THERP的理论计算结果基本一致，说明了THERP方法的合理性。并说明了THERP的不足在于计算人因失误时忽略了操作行为中的认知过程。     

Improved Stable Indocyanine Green (ICG)‐Mediated Cancer Optotheranostics with Naturalized Hepatitis B Core Particles

In recent years, hepatitis B core protein virus‐like particle (HBc VLP) is an impressive biomaterial, which has attracted considerable attention due to favorable properties such as structural stability, high uptake efficiency, and biocompatibility in biomedical applications. Heretofore, only a few attempts have been made to apply it in physical, chemical, and biological therapy for cancer. In this study, a tumor‐targeting RGD‐HBc VLP is first fabricated through genetic engineering. For image‐guided cancer phototherapy, indocyanine green (ICG) is loaded into RGD‐HBc VLP via a disassembly/reassembly pathway and electrostatic attraction with high efficiency. The self‐assembled stable RGD‐HBc VLP significantly improves body retention (fourfold longer), aqueous stability, and target specificity of ICG. Remarkably, these positive reformations promote more accurate and sensitive imaging of U87MG tumor, as well as prolonged tumor destruction in comparison with free ICG. Moreover, the photothermal and photodynamic effect on tumors are quantitatively differentiated by multiple linear regression analysis. Overall, less‐potent medicinal ICG can be perfectly rescued by bioengineered HBc VLP to realize enhanced cancer optotheranostics.     

A finite line source simulation model for geothermal systems with series- and parallel-connected boreholes and independent fluid loops

A model for the simulation of geothermal systems with parallel- and series-connected boreholes is presented. Mass and heat balance problems are formulated for each component in the system and are assembled into system-level problems. A third problem is formulated to account for heat transfer in the bore field, using the finite line source solution. This third problem is coupled to the system-level heat balance problem by an analytical solution of the heat transfer inside boreholes with multiple U-tubes. The simulation model allows for any number of independent fluid loops within the bore field or within individual boreholes and allows for combinations of specified inlet fluid temperatures and heat extraction rates in independent fluid loops. The model accounts for the axial variation of the fluid and borehole wall temperatures and heat extraction rates. The capabilities of the model are demonstrated through three example simulations.     

Identification of nonlinear Wiener-Hammerstein systems by a novel adaptive algorithm based on cost function framework

This paper investigates parameter identification of nonlinear Wiener-Hammerstein systems by using filter gain and novel cost function. Taking into account the system information is corrupted by noise, the filter gain is exploited to extract the system data. By using several auxiliary filtered variables, an extended estimation error vector is developed. Then, based on the discount term of the extended estimation error and the penalty term on the initial estimate, a novel cost function is developed to obtain the optimal parameter adaptive law. Compared with the conventional cost function which is composed of the square sum of output error, the proposed algorithm based on the cost function of this paper can provide faster convergence rate and higher estimation accuracy. Furthermore, the convergence analysis of the proposed scheme indicates that the parameter estimation error can converge to zero. The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed scheme are validated through the simulation example and experiment on the turntable servo system.     

Chromatic adaptation in a 2D photograph demonstrated by a D‐up viewer

It is said that we cannot have color constancy in a photograph. The concept of recognized visual space of illumination (RVSI) asserts that chromatic adaptation occurs when one perceives the illumination that is filling a space and not the objects in the space. It predicts then that if one perceives a 3D scene in a photograph, then color constancy will occur in the photograph. In this work, a dimension‐up (D‐up) viewer was developed to perceive a 3D scene on a 2D photograph, and the effect of chromatic adaptation was measured by the color appearance of a gray patch placed at the center of the photograph. Subjects saw the patch as a vivid color when they saw a photograph that had been taken under colored illumination, which is a normal experience in a real space observation. When the color appearance was measured by the elementary color naming method, the amount of chromaticness of the patch in percentage and the apparent hue were very similar to those observed in the 2‐room technique, thus confirming the prediction by the RVSI theory.